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Item Mujer e individualidad en el pensamiento de Edith Stein(Universidad Católica San Pablo, 2023) Mosquera Ramos, Melani Betty; Quiceno Osorio, Juan DavidIndagar sobre la esencia femenina es una tarea fundamental en nuestro tiempo. Sin embargo, es un esfuerzo que ha caído en el descrédito, dado que se considera que no tiene en cuenta las diferencias individuales de las mujeres y contribuye a la sumisión femenina. Especialmente, a través de la formación de imágenes estereotipadas. En este artículo estudiaremos las conferencias sobre la mujer de Edith Stein, y algunos de sus estudios antropológicos, con la intención de aproximarnos a una comprensión que une la esencia femenina con la acción y manifiesta su intrínseca unidad con la individualidad. Stein está convencida que toda mujer posee una triple vocación: a nivel humano, femenino e individual que se ha de desarrollar de manera integral y complementaria. Sin embargo, esto solo será posible si reconoce el orden metafísico –cristiano– del que depende su ser.Item The impact of COVID-19 on the well-being and cognition of older adults living in the United States and Latin America(Lancet Publishing Group, 2021) Babulal, Ganesh M.; Torres, Valeria L.; Acosta, Daisy; Agüero, Cinthya; Aguilar-Navarro, Sara; Amariglio, Rebecca; Ussui, Juliana Aya; Baena, Ana; Bocanegra, Yamile; Brucki, Sonia Maria Dozzi; Bustin, Julian; Cabrera, Diego M.; Custodio, Nilton; Diaz, Monica M.; Peñailillo, Lissette Duque; Franco, Idalid; Gatchel, Jennifer R.; Garza-Naveda, Ana Paola; González Lara, Mariana; Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez, Lidia; Guzmán-Vélez, Edmarie; Hanseeuw, Bernard J.; Jimenez-Velazquez, Ivonne Z.; Rodríguez, Tomás León; Llibre-Guerra, Jorge; Marquine, María J.; Martinez, Jairo; Medina, Luis D.; Miranda-Castillo, Claudia; Morlett Paredes, Alejandra; Munera, Diana; Nuñez-Herrera, Alberto; de Oliveira, Maira Okada; Palmer-Cancel, Santiago J.; Pardilla-Delgado, Enmanuelle; Perales-Puchalt, Jaime; Pluim, Celina; Ramirez-Gomez, Liliana; Rentz, Dorene M.; Rivera-Fernández, Claudia; Rosselli, Monica; Serrano, Cecilia M.; Suing-Ortega, Maria Jose; Slachevsky, Andrea; Soto-Añari, Marcio; Sperling, Reisa A.; Torrente, Fernando; Thumala, Daniela; Vannini, Patrizia; Vila-Castelar, Clara; Yañez-Escalante, Tatiana; Quiroz, Yakeel T.Background: In the COVID-19 pandemic, older adults from vulnerable ethnoracial groups are at high risk of infection, hospitalization, and death. We aimed to explore the pandemic's impact on the well-being and cognition of older adults living in the United States (US), Argentina, Chile, Mexico, and Peru. Methods: 1,608 (646 White, 852 Latino, 77 Black, 33 Asian; 72% female) individuals from the US and four Latin American countries aged ≥ 55 years completed an online survey regarding well-being and cognition during the pandemic between May and September 2020. Outcome variables (pandemic impact, discrimination, loneliness, purpose of life, subjective cognitive concerns) were compared across four US ethnoracial groups and older adults living in Argentina, Chile, Mexico, and Peru. Findings: Mean age for all participants was 66.7 (SD = 7.7) years and mean education was 15.4 (SD = 2.7) years. Compared to Whites, Latinos living in the US reported greater economic impact (p < .001, ηp2 = 0.031); while Blacks reported experiencing discrimination more often (p < .001, ηp2 = 0.050). Blacks and Latinos reported more positive coping (p < .001, ηp2 = 0.040). Compared to Latinos living in the US, Latinos in Chile, Mexico, and Peru reported greater pandemic impact, Latinos in Mexico and Peru reported more positive coping, Latinos in Argentina, Mexico, and Peru had greater economic impact, and Latinos in Argentina, Chile, and Peru reported less discrimination. Interpretation: The COVID-19 pandemic has differentially impacted the well-being of older ethnically diverse individuals in the US and Latin America. Future studies should examine how mediators like income and coping skills modify the pandemic's impact. Funding: Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Psychiatry.Item Dementia in Latin America: Paving the way toward a regional action plan(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2021) Parra, Mario Alfredo; Baez, Sandra; Sedeño, Lucas; Gonzalez Campo, Cecilia; Santamaría-García, Hernando; Aprahamian, Ivan; Bertolucci, Paulo Hf; Bustin, Julian; Camargos Bicalho, Maria Aparecida; Cano-Gutierrez, Carlos; Caramelli, Paulo; Serrano, Cecilia; Soto-Añari, Marcio; Takada, Leonel Tadao; Grinberg, Lea Tenenholz; Teixeira, Antonio Lucio; Barbosa, Maira Tonidandel; Trépel, Dominic; Ibanez, Agustin; Chaves, Marcia L F; Cogram, Patricia; Beber, Bárbara; Costa, Court,; De Souza, Felipe A; Cruz, Leonardo; Custodio, Nilton; Damian, Andres; De la Cruz, Myriam; Rodriguez, Diehl; Brucki, Roberta; Dozzi, Sonia Maria; Fajersztajn, Lais; Farías, Gonzalo A; De Felice, Fernanda G; Ferrari, Raffaele; De Oliveira, Fabricio Ferreira; Ferreira, Sergio T; Ferretti, Ceres; Figueredo Balthazar, Marcio Luiz; Ferreira Frota, Norberto Anizio; Fuentes, Patricio; García, Adolfo M; Garcia, Patricia J; De Gobbi Porto, Fábio Henrique; Duque Peñailillo, Lissette; Engler, Henry Willy; Maier, Irene; Mata, Ignacio F; Gonzalez-Billault, Christian;; Lopez, Oscar L; Morelli, Laura; Nitrini, Ricardo; Quiroz, Yakeel T; Guerrero Barragan, Alejandra; Huepe, David; Pio, Fabricio Joao; Suemoto, Claudia Kimie; Kochhann, Renata; Kochen, Silvia; Kumfor, Fiona; Lanata, Serggio; Miller, Bruce; Mansur, Leticia Lessa; Hosogi, Mirna Lie; Lillo, Patricia; Llibre Guerra, Jorge; David, Lopera; Comas, Francisco; Avila-Funes, Adelina; Sosa, José Alberto; Ramos, Ana Luisa; Resende, Claudia; França, Elisa de Paula; Snyder, Heather M; Tarnanas, Ioannis; Yokoyama, Jenifer; Llibre, Juan; Cardona, Juan Felipe; Possin, Kate; Kosik, Kenneth S; Montesinos, Rosa; Moguilner, Sebastian; Solis, Patricia Cristina Lourdes; Ferretti-Rebustini, Renata Eloah de Lucena; Ramirez, Jeronimo Martin; Matallana, Diana; Mbakile-Mahlanza, Lingani; Marques Ton, Alyne Mendonça; Tavares, Ronnielly Melo; Miotto, Eliane C; Muniz-Terrera, Graciela; Muñoz-Nevárez, Luis Arnoldo; Orozco, David; Okada de Oliveira, Maira; Piguet, Olivier; Pintado Caipa, Maritza; Piña Escudero, Stefanie Danielle; Schilling, Lucas Porcello; Rodrigues Palmeira, André Luiz; Yassuda, Mônica Sanches; Santacruz-Escudero, Jose Manuel; Serafim, Rodrigo Bernardo; Smid, Jerusa; Slachevsky, Andrea"Across Latin American and Caribbean countries (LACs), the fight against dementia faces pressing challenges, such as heterogeneity, diversity, political instability, and socioeconomic disparities. These can be addressed more effectively in a collaborative setting that fosters open exchange of knowledge. In this work, the Latin American and Caribbean Consortium on Dementia (LAC-CD) proposes an agenda for integration to deliver a Knowledge to Action Framework (KtAF). First, we summarize evidence-based strategies (epidemiology, genetics, biomarkers, clinical trials, nonpharmacological interventions, networking, and translational research) and align them to current global strategies to translate regional knowledge into transformative actions. Then we characterize key sources of complexity (genetic isolates, admixture in populations, environmental factors, and barriers to effective interventions), map them to the above challenges, and provide the basic mosaics of knowledge toward a KtAF. Finally, we describe strategies supporting the knowledge creation stage that underpins the translational impact of KtAF. "Item The impact of SARS-CoV-2 on emotional state among older adults in Latin America(Cambridge University Press, 2021) Soto-Añari, Marcio; Ramos-Henderson, Miguel A; Camargo, Loida; Calizaya López, José; Caldichoury, Nicole; López, Norman(No abstract available)Item Differences in executive function between bilingual and monolingual teenagers and older adults | [Diferencias en tareas de función ejecutiva entre adolescentes y adultos mayores bilingües y monolingües](Universidad CES, 2021) Cáceres-Luna, Gabriela; Belón-Hercilla, Verónica; Araoz Coacalla, María; Soto-Añari, Marcio"Our purpose was to compare performance in executive function tasks between bilingual and monolingual adolescents and older adults. A cross-sectional design was used. We evaluated 48 monolinguals (24 adolescents and 24 older adults) and 56 bilinguals (31 adolescents and 25 older adults) with a wide neuropsychological battery that included tasks of cognitive flexibility (Wisconsin card sorting test), inhibitory control (Stroop test), working memory (direct and inverse digits) and access to long-term memory (semantic and phonological fluency). Our results indicate that monolingual adolescents and older adults perform better in executive control tests than their bilingual counterparts, and these differences are minor in bilingual older adults, these differences do not seem to be associated with age and the frequency of use of L1 (Spanish) and L2 (Quechua). These results seem to show that during adolescence there is a cognitive disadvantage in executive function, which is reduced when people get older. The results are discussed considering sociocultural factors and the possibility of understanding bilingualism as a mechanism linked to cognitive reserve. "Item GAD-7 Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale in Colombian medical professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: construct validity and reliability | [Escala de ansiedad generalizada GAD-7 en profesionales médicos colombianos durante pandemia de COVID-19: validez de constructo y confiabilidad](Elsevier Doyma, 2021) Camargo, Loida; Herrera-Pino, Jorge; Shelach, Salomon; Soto-Añari, Marcio; Porto, Maria F; Alonso, Monica; González, Miguel; Contreras, Oscar; Caldichoury, Nicole; Ramos-Henderson, Miguel; Gargiulo, Pascual; López, NormanIntroduction: The detection of anxiety symptoms among health workers who care for patients infected with COVID-19 is a current priority. Fast and valid instruments are required for this population group. The objective is to establish the construct validity and reliability of the Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale in Colombian doctors during the COVID-19 lockdown. Methods: E-health study, in which cross-sectional data were collected online (n = 1,030) from 610 COVID doctors and 420 non-COVID doctors, during the Colombian lockdown, between 20 April and 10 August 2020. Each subject was contacted, and they confirmed their participation, identity and professional role. Results: A single factor factorial structure was found, made up of the 7 items of the instrument, which managed to explain 70% of the variance. The goodness of fit indices (RMSEA = 0.080; CFI = 0.995; SRMR = 0.053; p [removed]0.070. Finally, the internal consistency of the instrument was good, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.920 (95%IC, 8.80-9.71). Conclusions: The GAD-7 is an instrument that presents adequate indicators of validity and reliability. It is an excellent tool that is reliable and easy and fast to use for the detection of generalised anxiety symptoms in medical personnel caring (or not) for patients infected with COVID-19.Item A Parental Competence Scale: Dimensions and Their Association With Adolescent Outcomes(Frontiers Media S.A., 2021) Reparaz, C.; Rivas, S.; Osorio, A.; Garcia-Zavala, G.Positive family functioning during adolescence is usually studied analyzing parents' competences and children's relationship abilities. We present an instrument for the assessment of parental competence, which encompasses both educational style and transmission of values. The objective of the study was to analyze its factor structure and to assess its value in predicting adolescent outcomes. We recruited 2,459 high school students, aged 12–15, in 40 schools from Spain, Peru, Mexico, and Chile. They responded to the instrument and to other questions regarding lifestyles. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were carried out in order to assess the internal structure of the instrument, and internal consistency of the resulting dimensions was calculated. Finally, regression analyses were performed to establish associations between the parenting dimensions and adolescent outcomes. Factor analyses showed a consistent structure, with good fit indices in the four countries. The final four factors include parenting styles (Warmth and Demandingness) and education in values (Fortitude and Privacy). Regression analyses showed associations with adolescent outcomes. For example, adolescents' life satisfaction was best predicted by Warmth and Education in fortitude. Practical implications are suggested.Item Literacy Level and Executive Control in Healthy Older Peruvian Adults(Frontiers Media S.A., 2021) Soto-Añari, M.; López, N.; Rivera-Fernández, C.; Belón-Hercilla, V.; Fernández-Guinea, S."Introduction: Early-life educational experiences are associated with cognitive performance in aging. Early literacy seems to improve executive control mechanisms, however, it is not clear whether early education would still be an advantage in countries like Peru, where access to and quality of education is highly variable. Aim: Our objective was to analyze the association of literacy level with executive control factors. Method: We evaluated 93 healthy older adults with a clinical protocol that included the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Geriatric Depression Scale and Global Dementia Staging. We also used a neuropsychological executive function battery which included the Trail-Making Test parts A and B, the Stroop Test, phonological and semantic verbal fluency tasks, Forward and Backward Digits, Numbers and Letters of the Wechsler Scale, and the Go/No-Go task. We used a principal component analysis for the dimensional reduction of the variables. To measure the level of literacy we used the word accentuation test (WAT). Results: We observed statistically significant correlations between the principal components (PCs) of working memory, cognitive flexibility and inhibitory control with the WAT scores. Furthermore, we observed that processing speed and WAT predict the scores on PCs factors better than years of education and age. Conclusions: Literacy level correlates more closely with better cognitive performance than years of education and thus, might improve executive control factors that could compensate and protect against brain changes in cognitive decline and dementia."Item Cognitive changes in patients with epilepsy identified through the MoCA test during neurology outpatient consultation(Academic Press Inc., 2021) Montaño-Lozada, J.M.A.; López, N.B.; Espejo-Zapata, L.M.C.; Soto-Añari, M.D.; Ramos-Henderson, M.E.; Caldichoury-Obando, N.F.; Camargo, L.Introduction: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that may occur alongside cognitive changes, with effects on multiple cognitive domains. Objective: To compare the cognitive performance of patients with epilepsy and healthy controls through Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) during outpatient consultation at a reference diagnostic center in Colombia and analyze and the influencing factors. Materials and methodology: One-hundred and four patients during neurology outpatient consultation in the city of Cartagena, Colombia, were assessed with the (MoCA) test, i.e., 54 people who consulted for headache and have not been diagnosed with epilepsy (NEP) and 50 with a diagnosis of epilepsy (EPs) according to the diagnostic criteria of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE). Results: Significant differences were found in the total mean scores of the (MoCA) between (EPs) and (NPE) groups (t = 4.72; p < 0.01), particularly in attention (t = 3.22; p < 0.02) and memory (t = 5.04; p < 0.01) dimensions. Additionally, a significant association was observed between years of schooling and (MoCA) scores (p = 0,019) but not between socioeconomic level (p = 0,510), age (p = 0,452) and the frequency of seizures (p = 0,471). Discussion: Patients with epilepsy show lower scores in several cognitive domains in respect of the control group. The (MoCA) has proven its appropriateness for cognitive screening in the contexts of clinical neurology outpatient consultation. © 2021 Elsevier IncItem Self-reported psychological problems and coping strategies: a web-based study in Peruvian population during COVID-19 pandemic(BioMed Central Ltd, 2021) Ames-Guerrero, R.J.; Barreda-Parra, V.A.; Huamani-Cahua, J.C.; Banaszak-Holl, J."Background: The Coronavirus pandemic has disrupted health systems across the world and led to major shifts in individual behavior by forcing people into isolation in home settings. Its rapid spread has overwhelmed populations in all corners of Latin-American countries resulting in individual psychological reactions that may aggravate the health crisis. This study reports on demographics, self-reported psychological disturbances and associated coping styles during the COVID-19 pandemic for the Peruvian population. Methods: This cross-sectional study uses an online survey with snowball sampling that was conducted after the state of emergency was declared in Perú (on April 2nd). The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) was used to identify somatic symptoms, incidence of anxiety/ insomnia, social dysfunction and depression and the Coping Strategy Questionnaire (COPE-28) mapped personal strategies to address recent stress. Results: 434 self-selected participants ranging in age from 18 to 68 years old (Mean age = 33.87) completed the survey. The majority of participants were women (61.30%), aged between 18 and 28 (41.70%), well-educated (> = 85.00%), Peruvian (94.20%), employed (57.40%) and single (71.20%). 40.8% reported psychological distress, expressing fear of coronavirus infection (71.43%). Regression analysis shows that men had lower somatic-related symptom (β = − 1.87, 95%, CI: − 2.75 to −.99) and anxiety/insomnia symptom (β = − 1.91, 95% CI: − 2.98 to 0.84) compared to women. The risk for depression and social dysfunction are less likely with increasing age. Educational status was protective against developing psychological conditions (p < 0.05). While active responses (acceptance and social support) are scarcely used by individuals with psychological distress; passive strategies (such as denial, self-distraction, self-blame, disconnection, and venting) are more commonly reported. Conclusion: This study provides a better understanding of the psychological health impact occurring during the COVID-19 pandemic on the Peruvian population. About half of the respondents reported psychological distress and poor coping responses. This evidence informs the need for broader promotional health policies focused on strengthening individual’s active strategies aiming at improving emotional health and preventing psychiatric conditions, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2021, The Author(s)"Item Parenting styles in children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) who have disruptive behavior: Study of cases during the pandemic by Covid-19(NEUROPSICOLOGIA CLNEUROPSICOLOGIA CL, RANCAGUA, 00000, CHILE, 2021) Delgado Serna, Erica N.; Arias Gallegos, Walter L.In this study we analyze the parenting styles of parents of children with autism who present disruptive behaviors, in asociation with several family variables such as family functionality, parental stress and coping in parents of children with disabilities. In order to value objectively the autism, we applied the CHAT and to value the disruptive behavior we applied the Eyberg Behavior Inventory. Moreover, we collected personal and family data of the children assessmented through the clinic chart and the mental examination. The children were nine male and one female diagnosid with autism, and who were refered by the parents with disruptive behavior. The results were processed qualitatively, revealing some trends compatible with scientific literatura about autism. The children present alterations over their sensory development, language development delay and alterations in communications and social interactions. Finaly, the parenting style so called autoritative kind are associated with balance family fucntionality, while the levels of parental stress were low, and were related with a centered problema coping style.Item Measurement Invariance of the Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS) in Peruvian and Spanish Older Adults(Springer, 2021) Tomas, Jose M.; Caycho-Rodriguez, Tomas; Ventura-Leon, Jose; Sancho, Patricia; Garcia, Cirilo H.; Arias, Walter L."Although the Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS) has been validated in some European and American countries, there are no studies that evaluate its factorial invariance among different nations. In this sense, the objective of the study is to evaluate the factorial invariance of the BRCS in samples of older adults in Peru and Spain, using multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis. 236 older adults from Peru participated (Mean age = 72.8, SD = 6.90) and 133 older adults from Spain (Mean age = 71, SD = 7). In the Peruvian sample 78.4% were women and 21.6% men; while in the Spanish sample the majority were women (69.9%). The BRCS was scalar invariant but not strictly invariant between Spain and Peru. Our results found invariance of the structure, factor loadings and intercepts in both countries. These results support the use of BRCS in studies that compare the resilience between samples of older adults in both countries, and encourage applied research for the development of resilience in older adults in Spain and Peru. © 2021, The Author(s)."Item Assessment of Dysfunctional Grief due to Death from COVID-19 in Peru: Adaptation and Validation of a Spanish Version of the Pandemic Grief Scale(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Caycho-Rodríguez, T.; Vilca, L.W.B.; Vivanco-Vidal, A.C.; Saroli-Araníbar, D.C.; Carbajal-León, C.A.; Arias Gallegos, W.L.; White, M.E.; Lee S.A.f"This study evaluated the sychometric properties of the Pandemic Grief Scale (PGS), using Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT) methods, in a sample of 458 people who have suffered the loss of a loved one due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Pandemic Grief Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2), the two-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-2), and a single item on suicidal ideation were used. The unidimensional model had good fit and reliability; furthermore, convergent validity was demonstrated based on the relationships between dysfunctional grief, anxiety symptoms, depression, and suicidal ideation. Additionally, a higher presence of dysfunctional grief is required to answer using the higher response categories. The evidence of validity and reliability of the PGS in its Spanish version, using traditional and modern methods, is confirmed in Peru. © 2021, Associação Brasileira de Psicologia."Item COVID-19 Bereavement in Ten Latin American Countries: Measurement Invariance of the Pandemic Grief Scale and Its Relation to Suicidal Ideation(SAGE Publications Inc., 2021) Caycho-Rodríguez, Tomás; Valencia, Pablo D; Vilca, Lindsey W; Lee, Sherman A; Carbajal-León, Carlos; Vivanco-Vidal, Andrea; Saroli-Araníbar, Daniela; Reyes-Bossio, Mario; White, Michel; Rojas-Jara, Claudio; Polanco-Carrasco, Roberto; Gallegos, Miguel; Cervigni, Mauricio; Martino, Pablo; Palacios, Diego Alejandro; Moreta-Herrera, Rodrigo; Samaniego-Pinho, Antonio; Rivera, Marlon Elías Lobos; Figares, Andrés Buschiazzo; Puerta-Cortés, Diana Ximena; Corrales-Reyes, Ibraín Enrique; Calderón, Raymundo; Tapia, Bismarck Pinto; Ferrari, Ilka Franco; Flores-Mendoza, Carmen; Arias Gallegos, Walter L.The present study aimed to evaluate the cross-cultural measurement invariance of the Pandemic Grief Scale (PGS) in ten Latin American countries. A total of 2,321 people who had lost a family member or other loved one due to COVID-19 participated, with a mean age of 34.22 years old (SD = 11.99). In addition to the PGS, a single item of suicidal ideation was applied. The unidimensional model of the PGS had adequate fit in most countries and good reliability estimates. There was evidence of measurement invariance by country and gender. Also, a one-point increase in the PGS was associated with an almost twofold increase in the odds of suicidal ideation. Scores greater than or equal to 4 on the PGS are proposed as a cut off to identify individuals with suicidal ideation. Strong evidence of the cross-cultural validity of the PGS is provided. © The Author(s) 2021.Item Prevalence of Dementia and Associated Factors among Older Adults in Latin America during the COVID-19 Pandemic(S. Karger AG, 2021) Soto-Añari, Marcio; Camargo, Loida; Ramos-Henderson, Miguel; Rivera-Fernández, Claudia; Denegri-Solís, Lucia; Calle, Ursula; Mori, Nicanor; Ocampo-Barbá, Ninoska; López, Fernanda; Porto, Maria; Caldichoury-Obando, Nicole; Saldías, Carol; Gargiulo, Pascual; Castellanos, Cesar; Shelach-Bellido, Salomon; López, Norman"Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a great impact on cognitive health in Latin American older adults, increasing the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. Our objective was to analyze the prevalence of dementia and the associated factors in Latin American older adults during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Methods: A multicentric first phase cross-sectional observational study was conducted during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Five thousand two hundred and forty-five Latin American adults over 60 years of age were studied in 10 countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Peru, the Dominican Republic, and Venezuela. We used the telephone version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the ""Alzheimer Disease 8""scale for functional and cognitive changes, and the abbreviated version of the Yesavage depression scale. We also asked for sociodemographic and lockdown data. All the evaluation was made by telephone. Cross-tabulations and tests were used to determine the variability of the prevalence of impairment by sociodemographic characteristics and binary logistic regression to assess the association between dementia and sociodemographic factors. Results: We observed that the prevalence of dementia in Latin America is 15.6%, varying depending on the country (Argentine = 7.83 and Bolivia = 28.5%). The variables most associated with dementia were race and age. It does not seem to be associated with the pandemic but with social and socio-health factors. Conclusion: The prevalence of dementia shows a significant increase in Latin America, attributable to a constellation of ethnic, demographic, and socioeconomic factors. © 2021 Authors"Item Modified and Validated Version of the System of Beliefs Inventory (SBI-15R) in a Sample of Inhabitants from Arequipa City (Peru)(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Arias Gallegos, Walter L.; Estenós Loayza, Alejandro; Rivera, Renzo; Núñez Cohello, Ana Lucía"The present study focuses on the psychometric analysis of the Systems of Belief Inventory (SBI-15R) made by Holland et al. (Psycho-Oncology 7:460–469, 1998) after being applied in a sample of 1380 citizens from Arequipa City. The validation procedure involved the modification of the instrument, through the increase of 10 items and the rearrangement of these in three factors. The analysis of content validity with three expert judges led us to the elimination of four items. Then, an exploratory factorial analysis and a confirmatory factor analysis were performed, which determined the presence of two factors, which have high levels of reliability. These factors were support and religious values and beliefs and religious practices with 14 and seven items, respectively. Finally, the scales for the appropriate qualification of the instrument were obtained and its valuation according to three levels: low, medium, and high. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG"Item Cross-Cultural Validation of a New Version in Spanish of Four Items of the Preventive COVID-19 Infection Behaviors Scale (PCIBS) in Twelve Latin American Countries(Frontiers Media S.A., 2021) Caycho-Rodríguez, T.; Vilca, L.W.; Valencia, P.D.; Tapia, B.P.; Gallegos, W.L.A.The invariance of the Preventive COVID-19 Infection Behaviors Scale (PCIBS) was evaluated in 12 Latin American countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay). A total of 5183 people from the aforementioned countries participated, selected using the snowball sampling method. Measurement invariance was assessed by multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA) and Multi-Group Factor Analysis Alignment (CFA-MIAL). In addition, item characteristics were assessed based on Item Response Theory. The results indicate that the original five-item version of the PCIBS is not adequate; whereas a four-item version of the PCIBS (PCIBS-4) showed a good fit in all countries. Thus, using the MG-CFA method, the PCIBS-4 achieved metric invariance, while the CFA-MIAL method indicated that the PCIBS-4 shows metric and scalar invariance. Likewise, the four items present increasing difficulties and high values in the discrimination parameters. The comparison of means of the PCIBS-4 reported irrelevant differences between countries; however, Mexico and Peru presented the highest frequency of preventive behaviors related to COVID-19. It is concluded that the PCIBS-4 is a unidimensional self-report measure which is reliable and invariant across the twelve participating Latin American countries. It is expected that the findings will be of interest to social and health scientists, as well as those professionals directly involved in public health decision making. Copyright © 2021 Caycho-Rodríguez, Vilca, Valencia, Carbajal-León, Vivanco-Vidal, Saroli-Araníbar, Reyes-Bossio, White, Rojas-Jara, Polanco-Carrasco, Gallegos, Cervigni, Martino, Palacios, Moreta-Herrera, Samaniego-Pinho, Lobos-Rivera, Ferrari, Flores-Mendoza, Figares, Puerta-Cortés, Corrales-Reyes, Calderón, Tapia and Gallegos.Item Implementation of sensory stimulation technology in an interactive room for the diffusion of wine making activities(Office, 2019) Infantes Chavez, Alejandra Enid; Soto Añari, Marcio FernandoThe present innovation project attempts to bolster the promotion and diffusion of wine-making activities through the introduction of 'dynamic sensory stimula- tion' technology (DSS). The first objective of this paper is to describe the implementation of an interactive loun- ge that uses this technology for the display of some or- ganoleptic characteristics of pisco and wine. DSS tech- nology is outfitted with synchronized equipment which provides the visitors with an integral, sensory experien- ce consisting of climatic stimulation, similar to the one of the vineyard (principally in regard to temperature and relative humidity); olfactory stimulation with dif- ferent aromas via a controlled spray (simulating the collection of smells associated with the processes of fer- mentation and distillation); scientific-gustatory stimu- lation (technical tasting); and audiovisual stimulation through images and sounds typical of a vineyard. The paper's second aim is to describe the perception and satisfaction level of the visitors of the interactive loun- ge. The results indicate that it is possible to utilize DSS technology in an interactive lounge in order to further the diffusion of wine-making activities in Arequipa, Peru.Item Análisis comparativo de machismo sexual en estudiantes universitarios peruanos y chilenos(Revista Chilena de Neuro-Psiquiatría, 2020) Mamani Lopez, Viviana; Arias Gallegos, Walter LizandroIntroducción: El machismo sexual es una forma de sexismo que denigra a la mujer y que se asocia a diversos factores de riesgo de la salud mental. Objetivo: En el presente estudio se comparan los niveles de machismo en estudiantes universitarios de Perú y Chile en función de su nacionalidad y de otras variables sociodemográficas. Método: La muestra estuvo conformada por 303 estudiantes varones de dos universidades privadas de una ciudad de provincia de ambos países. Se aplicó la Escala de Machismo Sexual de Díaz et al. (2010) que consta de 12 ítems y fue construida y validada previamente para ambas muestras. Resultados: 28% de los estudiantes evaluados presenta altos niveles de machismo, y que los estudiantes peruanos tienen niveles mayores de machismo que los estudiantes chilenos. Además, los estudiantes que consumen alcohol, tabaco y drogas ilegales, de manera frecuente obtuvieron mayores puntajes de machismo sexual. Conclusiones: Se concluye que los estudiantes peruanos son más machistas que sus pares chilenos y que, el machismo sexual está asociado al consumo de sustancias psicoactivas.Item Occupational stress of workers analyzed from an approach to vital events [Estrés laboral en trabajadores desde el enfoque de los sucesos vitales](Scopus, 2012) Arias Gallegos, Walter LizandroObjectives: to identify the most common vital events related to the stress suffered by the workers of a company located in Arequipa. Methods: a sample of 100 male workers from a mining assistance and maintenance company was used. They belonged to three professional groups, that is, engineers, managers and mechanics aged 19 to 55 years. Holmes and Rahe's social readjustment evaluation scale was used. Results: the most frequent vital events were changes in the feeding and sleeping habits, in the living conditions, in the economic status and a great personal performance. Additionally, the managers pointed out the change of responsibilities at work, whereas the engineers mentioned marriage and vacations. The latter were the ones that had the highest stress scores. Conclusions: the most frequent stress-related vital events found in the sample of male workers were mainly of economic and working type. The engineers showed higher level of stress than the mechanics and the managers, due to deep crisis in their lives.
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