Artículos - Psicología

Permanent URI for this collection

https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12590/18055

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 43

A Parental Competence Scale: Dimensions and Their Association With Adolescent Outcomes
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2021) Reparaz, C.; Rivas, S.; Osorio, A.; Garcia-Zavala, G.
Positive family functioning during adolescence is usually studied analyzing parents' competences and children's relationship abilities. We present an instrument for the assessment of parental competence, which encompasses both educational style and transmission of values. The objective of the study was to analyze its factor structure and to assess its value in predicting adolescent outcomes. We recruited 2,459 high school students, aged 12–15, in 40 schools from Spain, Peru, Mexico, and Chile. They responded to the instrument and to other questions regarding lifestyles. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were carried out in order to assess the internal structure of the instrument, and internal consistency of the resulting dimensions was calculated. Finally, regression analyses were performed to establish associations between the parenting dimensions and adolescent outcomes. Factor analyses showed a consistent structure, with good fit indices in the four countries. The final four factors include parenting styles (Warmth and Demandingness) and education in values (Fortitude and Privacy). Regression analyses showed associations with adolescent outcomes. For example, adolescents' life satisfaction was best predicted by Warmth and Education in fortitude. Practical implications are suggested.
Análisis comparativo de machismo sexual en estudiantes universitarios peruanos y chilenos
(Revista Chilena de Neuro-Psiquiatría, 2020) Mamani Lopez, Viviana; Arias Gallegos, Walter Lizandro
Introducción: El machismo sexual es una forma de sexismo que denigra a la mujer y que se asocia a diversos factores de riesgo de la salud mental. Objetivo: En el presente estudio se comparan los niveles de machismo en estudiantes universitarios de Perú y Chile en función de su nacionalidad y de otras variables sociodemográficas. Método: La muestra estuvo conformada por 303 estudiantes varones de dos universidades privadas de una ciudad de provincia de ambos países. Se aplicó la Escala de Machismo Sexual de Díaz et al. (2010) que consta de 12 ítems y fue construida y validada previamente para ambas muestras. Resultados: 28% de los estudiantes evaluados presenta altos niveles de machismo, y que los estudiantes peruanos tienen niveles mayores de machismo que los estudiantes chilenos. Además, los estudiantes que consumen alcohol, tabaco y drogas ilegales, de manera frecuente obtuvieron mayores puntajes de machismo sexual. Conclusiones: Se concluye que los estudiantes peruanos son más machistas que sus pares chilenos y que, el machismo sexual está asociado al consumo de sustancias psicoactivas.
Assessment of Dysfunctional Grief due to Death from COVID-19 in Peru: Adaptation and Validation of a Spanish Version of the Pandemic Grief Scale
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Caycho-Rodríguez, T.; Vilca, L.W.B.; Vivanco-Vidal, A.C.; Saroli-Araníbar, D.C.; Carbajal-León, C.A.; Arias Gallegos, W.L.; White, M.E.; Lee S.A.f
"This study evaluated the sychometric properties of the Pandemic Grief Scale (PGS), using Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT) methods, in a sample of 458 people who have suffered the loss of a loved one due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Pandemic Grief Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2), the two-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-2), and a single item on suicidal ideation were used. The unidimensional model had good fit and reliability; furthermore, convergent validity was demonstrated based on the relationships between dysfunctional grief, anxiety symptoms, depression, and suicidal ideation. Additionally, a higher presence of dysfunctional grief is required to answer using the higher response categories. The evidence of validity and reliability of the PGS in its Spanish version, using traditional and modern methods, is confirmed in Peru. © 2021, Associação Brasileira de Psicologia."
Burnout syndrome in the nursing staff from arequipa [Síndrome de burnout en personal de enfermería de arequipa]
(Editorial Ciencias Medicas, 2016) Arias Gallegos, Walter Lizandro; Muñoz del Carpio, Toia Agueda
Objective: To analyze the symptoms of the burnout syndrome in nurses. Methods: Correlational study conducted in a sample of 47 nurses from Arequipa city. Maslach´s Burnout Inventory for human service professions and statistical tests for correlations and comparisons of variables were used. Results: In the group, 21.3% of female nurses presented with severe emotional exhaustion and low personal performance indexes whereas 29.8% had high level of depersonalization. The correlations indicated that the burnout syndrome, the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were all positively related (p< 0.01). Additionally, the variance analysis showed significant differences in the global scoring of the syndrome depending on the number of years worked at the service. Conclusions: The studied nurses present high levels of burnout syndrome and mainly those who have been working longer at the service or who have been working less than five years. © 2016, Editorial Ciencias Medicas. All rights reserved.
Cognitive changes in patients with epilepsy identified through the MoCA test during neurology outpatient consultation
(Academic Press Inc., 2021) Montaño-Lozada, J.M.A.; López, N.B.; Espejo-Zapata, L.M.C.; Soto-Añari, M.D.; Ramos-Henderson, M.E.; Caldichoury-Obando, N.F.; Camargo, L.
Introduction: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that may occur alongside cognitive changes, with effects on multiple cognitive domains. Objective: To compare the cognitive performance of patients with epilepsy and healthy controls through Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) during outpatient consultation at a reference diagnostic center in Colombia and analyze and the influencing factors. Materials and methodology: One-hundred and four patients during neurology outpatient consultation in the city of Cartagena, Colombia, were assessed with the (MoCA) test, i.e., 54 people who consulted for headache and have not been diagnosed with epilepsy (NEP) and 50 with a diagnosis of epilepsy (EPs) according to the diagnostic criteria of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE). Results: Significant differences were found in the total mean scores of the (MoCA) between (EPs) and (NPE) groups (t = 4.72; p < 0.01), particularly in attention (t = 3.22; p < 0.02) and memory (t = 5.04; p < 0.01) dimensions. Additionally, a significant association was observed between years of schooling and (MoCA) scores (p = 0,019) but not between socioeconomic level (p = 0,510), age (p = 0,452) and the frequency of seizures (p = 0,471). Discussion: Patients with epilepsy show lower scores in several cognitive domains in respect of the control group. The (MoCA) has proven its appropriateness for cognitive screening in the contexts of clinical neurology outpatient consultation. © 2021 Elsevier Inc
Comparing topics in CS syllabus with topics in CS research
(Association for Computing Machinery, 2016) Santisteban Pablo, Julio Omar; Delgado Castillo, Danet
This study quantifies and compares the computer security themes found in the ACM Computer Science curricula with the themes addressed in top-ranked computer security re- search conferences over the past six years. On the under- standing that current research should help set the agenda for course coverage, we use a strategic diagram to compare the research topics with the curriculum topics and identify specific future directions for the ACM CS curriculum and for computer security courses.
Concentration Endurance Test (d2): Normative data for Spanish-speaking pediatric population
(IOS Press, 2017) Aguilar Rivera, Daniel; Salinas, C.; Ramos Usuga, D.; Delgado Mejía, I.; Vasallo Key, Y.; Hernández Agurcia, G.; Valencia Vásquez, J.; García Guerrero, Cristina Elizabeth; Garcia de la Cadena, Claudia; Rabago Barajas, B.; Romero García, I.; Campos Varillas, A.; Sánchez Sansegundo, Miriam; Galvao Carmona, Alejandro; Lara, Laura; Granja Gilbert, E.J.; Martín Lobo, Pilar; Velázquez Cardoso, J.; Caracuel, A.; Arango Lasprilla, Juan Carlos
OBJECTIVE: To generate normative data for the Concentration Endurance Test (d2) in Spanish-speaking pediatric populations. METHOD: The sample consisted of 4,373 healthy children from nine countries in Latin America (Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Puerto Rico) and Spain. Each participant was administered the d2 test as part of a larger neuropsychological battery. The Total number of items processed (TN), Total number of correct responses (CR), Total performance (TP), and Concentration performance (CP) scores were normed using multiple linear regressions and standard deviations of residual values. Age, age 2, sex, and mean level of parental education (MLPE) were included as predictors in the analyses. RESULTS: The final multiple linear regression models showed main effects for age on all scores, such that scores increased linearly as a function of age. TN scores were affected by age 2 for Guatemala and Puerto Rico; CR scores were affected by age 2 for Mexico; TP scores were affected by age 2 for Chile, Mexico, Puerto Rico, and Spain; and CP scores for Mexico and Spain. Models indicated that children whose parents had a MLPE >12 years obtained higher scores compared to children whose parents had a MLPE?12 years for Mexico and Spain in all scores, and Puerto Rico for TN, CR, and TP, and Guatemala and Paraguay for CP scores. Sex affect the scores for Ecuador and Honduras (CP scores). CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest Spanish-speaking pediatric normative study in the world, and it will allow neuropsychologists from these countries to have a more accurate approach to interpret the d2 test in pediatric populations. © 2017 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.
COVID-19 Bereavement in Ten Latin American Countries: Measurement Invariance of the Pandemic Grief Scale and Its Relation to Suicidal Ideation
(SAGE Publications Inc., 2021) Caycho-Rodríguez, Tomás; Valencia, Pablo D; Vilca, Lindsey W; Lee, Sherman A; Carbajal-León, Carlos; Vivanco-Vidal, Andrea; Saroli-Araníbar, Daniela; Reyes-Bossio, Mario; White, Michel; Rojas-Jara, Claudio; Polanco-Carrasco, Roberto; Gallegos, Miguel; Cervigni, Mauricio; Martino, Pablo; Palacios, Diego Alejandro; Moreta-Herrera, Rodrigo; Samaniego-Pinho, Antonio; Rivera, Marlon Elías Lobos; Figares, Andrés Buschiazzo; Puerta-Cortés, Diana Ximena; Corrales-Reyes, Ibraín Enrique; Calderón, Raymundo; Tapia, Bismarck Pinto; Ferrari, Ilka Franco; Flores-Mendoza, Carmen; Arias Gallegos, Walter L.
The present study aimed to evaluate the cross-cultural measurement invariance of the Pandemic Grief Scale (PGS) in ten Latin American countries. A total of 2,321 people who had lost a family member or other loved one due to COVID-19 participated, with a mean age of 34.22 years old (SD = 11.99). In addition to the PGS, a single item of suicidal ideation was applied. The unidimensional model of the PGS had adequate fit in most countries and good reliability estimates. There was evidence of measurement invariance by country and gender. Also, a one-point increase in the PGS was associated with an almost twofold increase in the odds of suicidal ideation. Scores greater than or equal to 4 on the PGS are proposed as a cut off to identify individuals with suicidal ideation. Strong evidence of the cross-cultural validity of the PGS is provided. © The Author(s) 2021.
Cross-Cultural Validation of a New Version in Spanish of Four Items of the Preventive COVID-19 Infection Behaviors Scale (PCIBS) in Twelve Latin American Countries
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2021) Caycho-Rodríguez, T.; Vilca, L.W.; Valencia, P.D.; Tapia, B.P.; Gallegos, W.L.A.
The invariance of the Preventive COVID-19 Infection Behaviors Scale (PCIBS) was evaluated in 12 Latin American countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay). A total of 5183 people from the aforementioned countries participated, selected using the snowball sampling method. Measurement invariance was assessed by multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA) and Multi-Group Factor Analysis Alignment (CFA-MIAL). In addition, item characteristics were assessed based on Item Response Theory. The results indicate that the original five-item version of the PCIBS is not adequate; whereas a four-item version of the PCIBS (PCIBS-4) showed a good fit in all countries. Thus, using the MG-CFA method, the PCIBS-4 achieved metric invariance, while the CFA-MIAL method indicated that the PCIBS-4 shows metric and scalar invariance. Likewise, the four items present increasing difficulties and high values in the discrimination parameters. The comparison of means of the PCIBS-4 reported irrelevant differences between countries; however, Mexico and Peru presented the highest frequency of preventive behaviors related to COVID-19. It is concluded that the PCIBS-4 is a unidimensional self-report measure which is reliable and invariant across the twelve participating Latin American countries. It is expected that the findings will be of interest to social and health scientists, as well as those professionals directly involved in public health decision making. Copyright © 2021 Caycho-Rodríguez, Vilca, Valencia, Carbajal-León, Vivanco-Vidal, Saroli-Araníbar, Reyes-Bossio, White, Rojas-Jara, Polanco-Carrasco, Gallegos, Cervigni, Martino, Palacios, Moreta-Herrera, Samaniego-Pinho, Lobos-Rivera, Ferrari, Flores-Mendoza, Figares, Puerta-Cortés, Corrales-Reyes, Calderón, Tapia and Gallegos.
Dementia in Latin America: Paving the way toward a regional action plan
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2021) Parra, Mario Alfredo; Baez, Sandra; Sedeño, Lucas; Gonzalez Campo, Cecilia; Santamaría-García, Hernando; Aprahamian, Ivan; Bertolucci, Paulo Hf; Bustin, Julian; Camargos Bicalho, Maria Aparecida; Cano-Gutierrez, Carlos; Caramelli, Paulo; Serrano, Cecilia; Soto-Añari, Marcio; Takada, Leonel Tadao; Grinberg, Lea Tenenholz; Teixeira, Antonio Lucio; Barbosa, Maira Tonidandel; Trépel, Dominic; Ibanez, Agustin; Chaves, Marcia L F; Cogram, Patricia; Beber, Bárbara; Costa, Court,; De Souza, Felipe A; Cruz, Leonardo; Custodio, Nilton; Damian, Andres; De la Cruz, Myriam; Rodriguez, Diehl; Brucki, Roberta; Dozzi, Sonia Maria; Fajersztajn, Lais; Farías, Gonzalo A; De Felice, Fernanda G; Ferrari, Raffaele; De Oliveira, Fabricio Ferreira; Ferreira, Sergio T; Ferretti, Ceres; Figueredo Balthazar, Marcio Luiz; Ferreira Frota, Norberto Anizio; Fuentes, Patricio; García, Adolfo M; Garcia, Patricia J; De Gobbi Porto, Fábio Henrique; Duque Peñailillo, Lissette; Engler, Henry Willy; Maier, Irene; Mata, Ignacio F; Gonzalez-Billault, Christian;; Lopez, Oscar L; Morelli, Laura; Nitrini, Ricardo; Quiroz, Yakeel T; Guerrero Barragan, Alejandra; Huepe, David; Pio, Fabricio Joao; Suemoto, Claudia Kimie; Kochhann, Renata; Kochen, Silvia; Kumfor, Fiona; Lanata, Serggio; Miller, Bruce; Mansur, Leticia Lessa; Hosogi, Mirna Lie; Lillo, Patricia; Llibre Guerra, Jorge; David, Lopera; Comas, Francisco; Avila-Funes, Adelina; Sosa, José Alberto; Ramos, Ana Luisa; Resende, Claudia; França, Elisa de Paula; Snyder, Heather M; Tarnanas, Ioannis; Yokoyama, Jenifer; Llibre, Juan; Cardona, Juan Felipe; Possin, Kate; Kosik, Kenneth S; Montesinos, Rosa; Moguilner, Sebastian; Solis, Patricia Cristina Lourdes; Ferretti-Rebustini, Renata Eloah de Lucena; Ramirez, Jeronimo Martin; Matallana, Diana; Mbakile-Mahlanza, Lingani; Marques Ton, Alyne Mendonça; Tavares, Ronnielly Melo; Miotto, Eliane C; Muniz-Terrera, Graciela; Muñoz-Nevárez, Luis Arnoldo; Orozco, David; Okada de Oliveira, Maira; Piguet, Olivier; Pintado Caipa, Maritza; Piña Escudero, Stefanie Danielle; Schilling, Lucas Porcello; Rodrigues Palmeira, André Luiz; Yassuda, Mônica Sanches; Santacruz-Escudero, Jose Manuel; Serafim, Rodrigo Bernardo; Smid, Jerusa; Slachevsky, Andrea
"Across Latin American and Caribbean countries (LACs), the fight against dementia faces pressing challenges, such as heterogeneity, diversity, political instability, and socioeconomic disparities. These can be addressed more effectively in a collaborative setting that fosters open exchange of knowledge. In this work, the Latin American and Caribbean Consortium on Dementia (LAC-CD) proposes an agenda for integration to deliver a Knowledge to Action Framework (KtAF). First, we summarize evidence-based strategies (epidemiology, genetics, biomarkers, clinical trials, nonpharmacological interventions, networking, and translational research) and align them to current global strategies to translate regional knowledge into transformative actions. Then we characterize key sources of complexity (genetic isolates, admixture in populations, environmental factors, and barriers to effective interventions), map them to the above challenges, and provide the basic mosaics of knowledge toward a KtAF. Finally, we describe strategies supporting the knowledge creation stage that underpins the translational impact of KtAF. "
Diagnostic capacity and preliminary evaluation of Clock drawing Test, to order criteria from Cacho's version, for patients with mild Alzheimer's disease in Chilean population [Capacidad diagnóstica y validación preliminar del test del reloj, versión de cacho a la orden, para enfermedad de Alzheimer de grado leve en población chilena]
(Fundacion para la difusion neurologica en Ecuador - FUNDINE, 2014) López, Norman; Allegri, Ricardo; Soto Añari, Marcio Fernando
Background: To perform a study with discriminant power and validity using the Clock drawing Test by instruction (CDTI) in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (MAD). Materials and Methods: Phase I diagnostic test study. We included a healthy control arm of 58 elderly people and 40 cases with mild Alzheimer's disease. All participants were examined and diagnosed by clinical consensus. The MMSE, CDTI and clinical record were obtained. Results: There were significant differences between the study groups regarding cognitive tests' performance when comparing age and education, but no differences were found when comparing gender. ANCOVA test showed no significant effect exerted by the demographic variables on cognitive performance in any group. The sensitivity (CTO=84[%] vs MMSE=79, 3[%]), specificity (92, 5[%] vs 82, 5[%]) and diagnostic utility of the CDTO were higher than one's resulting form the MMSE (=0, 90, p=0, 000). The combined use of both instruments increased diagnostic capacity. The best cutoff point for the diagnosis of mild dementia was ≤ 6 points in CDTO and ≤ 23 in MMSE. Both instruments correlated statistically. Conclusions: The CTO is a useful test and can discriminate between cognitively healthy subjects and patients with EAL when appliying the "to order" criteria from Cacho's version.
Differences in executive function between bilingual and monolingual teenagers and older adults | [Diferencias en tareas de función ejecutiva entre adolescentes y adultos mayores bilingües y monolingües]
(Universidad CES, 2021) Cáceres-Luna, Gabriela; Belón-Hercilla, Verónica; Araoz Coacalla, María; Soto-Añari, Marcio
"Our purpose was to compare performance in executive function tasks between bilingual and monolingual adolescents and older adults. A cross-sectional design was used. We evaluated 48 monolinguals (24 adolescents and 24 older adults) and 56 bilinguals (31 adolescents and 25 older adults) with a wide neuropsychological battery that included tasks of cognitive flexibility (Wisconsin card sorting test), inhibitory control (Stroop test), working memory (direct and inverse digits) and access to long-term memory (semantic and phonological fluency). Our results indicate that monolingual adolescents and older adults perform better in executive control tests than their bilingual counterparts, and these differences are minor in bilingual older adults, these differences do not seem to be associated with age and the frequency of use of L1 (Spanish) and L2 (Quechua). These results seem to show that during adolescence there is a cognitive disadvantage in executive function, which is reduced when people get older. The results are discussed considering sociocultural factors and the possibility of understanding bilingualism as a mechanism linked to cognitive reserve. "
Effect of learning morphology on the visuospatial processing of chilean university students [Efecto del aprendizaje de morfología en el procesamiento visoespacial de estudiantes universitarios chilenos]
(Sociedad Interamericana de Psicologia, 2016) López Velásquez, Norman Darío; Coronado López, Juan carlos; Soto Añari, Marcio Fernando; Ferrel Ortega, Fernándo Robert
Objective. Check the effect of morphology on learning visuospatial processing in college students. Method. Kinesiology involved 48 students who studied anatomy (EG); and 43 of Social Work, who studied anatomy (UG). Results. No significant differences were recorded at pretest intra - group, but in the post-test, in favor of EG, with an effect size high TCFR Copy and memory. The intergroup analysis showed better performance in the post test in TCFR Copy and memory. These differences were not observed in the TAVLR in either group and statistical analysis. Conclusions. Learning anatomy strengthens visuospatial function, necessary for the proper and professional performance of future college students health sciences. © 2016, Sociedad Interamericana de Psicologia. All rights reserved.
Effects of a combined program of physical activity and cognitive training in Chilean patients with mild Alzheimer [Efectos de un programa combinado de actividad física y entrenamiento cognitivo en pacientes chilenos con Alzheimer leve]
(Ediciones Doyma, S.L., 2015) López, Norman; Véliz, Alex; Soto Añari, Marcio Fernando; Ollari, Juan; Chesta, Sergio; Allegri, Ricardo
The combined use of cognitive activity (CA) and physical activity (PA) seems to modulate the factors associated to the incidence of mild Alzheimer. Objectives To examine the effects of a combined intervention of CA and PA on cognitive performance in the elderly with mild AD. Method Quasi-experimental design, single blind evaluation with groups comparison. Participants 80 subjects = 60 years with neurological diagnosis of mild Alzheimer's dementia, of whom 60 completed the study (19 men and 41 women). Participants were randomly divided into an intervention group (IG: n = 24, M = 71.8 years, SD = 5.5) subjected to a combined program of cognitive training and physical activity for 6 months, and a control group (CG: n = 36, M = 73.8 years, SD = 6.3) composed of sedentary subjects who didn't do any physical activity or were subjected to cognitive training during the study. Results inter and intragroup t-student tests reported significant differences in MMSE, TRCF, TAAVR and TMT-A and B for the GI, an increase in the mean performance of all dimensions evaluated after AF program and BC, in the CG. The ANCOVA reported favorable evidence of the impact of AC and AF on cognitive function of GI versus controls (f = 17,378, P<.000). Conclusions favorable results showing a significant difference in the study groups, emerging as the CA and PA improves cognitive performance of the elderly with dementia were found. © 2014 Sociedad Neurológica Argentina.
Family profile in adolescents with depressive symptomatology in Arequipa City (Peru) [Perfil familiar de adolescentes con sintomatología depresiva en la ciudad de Arequipa, Perú]
(Sociedad de Neurologia Psiquiatria y Neurocirugia, 2018) Rivera Calcina, Renzo; Arias Gallegos, Walter Lizandro; Cahuana Cuentas, Milagros
Introduction: The depression in teenagers is a current theme nowadays, although, there are few clinical studies focused on this population in Peru. In this work we made a descriptive analysis about the depressive symptomatology in adolescents from Arequipa City, according to certain family variables. Method: This is an associative study, which includes a sample of 1225 teenagers among 11 to 18 years old with an average age of 14, who came from public and private high schools around the city. Beck's Depression Inventory, Family Topics Questionnaire, and some questions about domestic violence and alcohol consumption, were applied to the teenagers. Results: We found an important percentage (41.4%) of teenagers who have some levels of depressive symptomatology according to psychometrical criteria, and some factor, such as parental conflict, alcohol consumption and violence from parents to children have significant differences, taking the depression levels as comparative criteria. Conclusions: We conclude that certain features of family disfunctionality like interparental conflict, the alcohol consumption by parents and the parental violence, are associated with depressive symptomatology in teenagers. © 2018 Revista Chilena de Neuro-Psiquiatria. All rights reserved.
GAD-7 Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale in Colombian medical professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: construct validity and reliability | [Escala de ansiedad generalizada GAD-7 en profesionales médicos colombianos durante pandemia de COVID-19: validez de constructo y confiabilidad]
(Elsevier Doyma, 2021) Camargo, Loida; Herrera-Pino, Jorge; Shelach, Salomon; Soto-Añari, Marcio; Porto, Maria F; Alonso, Monica; González, Miguel; Contreras, Oscar; Caldichoury, Nicole; Ramos-Henderson, Miguel; Gargiulo, Pascual; López, Norman
Introduction: The detection of anxiety symptoms among health workers who care for patients infected with COVID-19 is a current priority. Fast and valid instruments are required for this population group. The objective is to establish the construct validity and reliability of the Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale in Colombian doctors during the COVID-19 lockdown. Methods: E-health study, in which cross-sectional data were collected online (n = 1,030) from 610 COVID doctors and 420 non-COVID doctors, during the Colombian lockdown, between 20 April and 10 August 2020. Each subject was contacted, and they confirmed their participation, identity and professional role. Results: A single factor factorial structure was found, made up of the 7 items of the instrument, which managed to explain 70% of the variance. The goodness of fit indices (RMSEA = 0.080; CFI = 0.995; SRMR = 0.053; p [removed]0.070. Finally, the internal consistency of the instrument was good, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.920 (95%IC, 8.80-9.71). Conclusions: The GAD-7 is an instrument that presents adequate indicators of validity and reliability. It is an excellent tool that is reliable and easy and fast to use for the detection of generalised anxiety symptoms in medical personnel caring (or not) for patients infected with COVID-19.
Implementation of sensory stimulation technology in an interactive room for the diffusion of wine making activities
(Office, 2019) Infantes Chavez, Alejandra Enid; Soto Añari, Marcio Fernando
The present innovation project attempts to bolster the promotion and diffusion of wine-making activities through the introduction of 'dynamic sensory stimula- tion' technology (DSS). The first objective of this paper is to describe the implementation of an interactive loun- ge that uses this technology for the display of some or- ganoleptic characteristics of pisco and wine. DSS tech- nology is outfitted with synchronized equipment which provides the visitors with an integral, sensory experien- ce consisting of climatic stimulation, similar to the one of the vineyard (principally in regard to temperature and relative humidity); olfactory stimulation with dif- ferent aromas via a controlled spray (simulating the collection of smells associated with the processes of fer- mentation and distillation); scientific-gustatory stimu- lation (technical tasting); and audiovisual stimulation through images and sounds typical of a vineyard. The paper's second aim is to describe the perception and satisfaction level of the visitors of the interactive loun- ge. The results indicate that it is possible to utilize DSS technology in an interactive lounge in order to further the diffusion of wine-making activities in Arequipa, Peru.
Initial psychometric evidence of a brief measure of cancer worry [Evidencias psicométricas iniciales de una medida breve sobre preocu-pación por el cáncer]
(Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 2018) Caycho Rodríguez, Tomás; Ventura León, José; Noe Grijalva, Martín; Barboza Palomino, Miguel; Arias Gallegos, Walter Lizandro; Reyes Bossio, Mario; Rojas Jara, Claudio
Objective: The cancer worry is associated with preventive behaviors for the detection of this disease; However, there is no instrument with evidence of validity and reliability to measure this construct in Latin American countries, including Peru. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the evidence of validity based on the internal structure and reliability of the Cancer Worry Scale (CWS) in a sample of people without cancer diagnosis with a family history of cancer. Method: It counted with the participation of 215 healthy people with a family history of cancer who attended the outpatient service of two public and private health institutions in the city of Chimbote with an average age of 42.10 years (SD = 14.05). For the collection of information, an ad hoc sociodemographic record and the Cancer Worry Scale were used. Results: The one-dimensional model presented a good fit of the data (SB?2 (8) = 14.39, SB ?2 / df = 1.79, CFI = 0.991, SRMR = 0.025, RMSEA = 0.061 [IC90%: 0.000-0.111], AIC = 47.701) and adequate reliability (? corrected = 0.90; IC95%: 0.88-0.92). Conclusion: It is concluded that the CWS presents adequate psychometric properties, being a measure that provides valid and reliable interpretations of the cáncer worry in the peruvian context. © 2018, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. All rights reserved.
Level of reading skills as a measure of cognitive reserve in elderly adults
(Scopus, 2013) Soto Añari, Marcio; Flores Valdivia, Gilda; Fernández-Guinea, Sara
Introduction. Cognitive reserve modulates between neurodegenerative processes and the clinical manifestations of cognitive impairment and dementia. This construct is associated with the capacity to optimise the execution of tasks by recruiting neuronal networks and with the use of alternative cognitive strategies that would be mediated by formal educational processes. Aim. To analyse the level of reading skills as a measure of cognitive reserve and as a reliable predictor of performance in tests for evaluating different cognitive domains. Subjects and methods. The sample consisted of 87 healthy subjects who were asked to complete the Word Naming test as an indicator of the level of reading skills; this allowed us to divide the sample into subjects with a low and a high level of reading ability. A broad neuropsychological battery was then applied. Results. The subjects with a low level of reading skills displayed lower general cognitive performance, reduced processing speed and cognitive deficits. Furthermore, the level of reading skills is a better predictor of performance in executive functions and general cognitive performance than the variables age, years of schooling and education. Conclusions. The level of reading skills has shown itself to be a good measure of cognitive reserve and a reliable predictor of executive and cognitive functioning in ageing. © 2013 Revista de Neurología.
Literacy Level and Executive Control in Healthy Older Peruvian Adults
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2021) Soto-Añari, M.; López, N.; Rivera-Fernández, C.; Belón-Hercilla, V.; Fernández-Guinea, S.
"Introduction: Early-life educational experiences are associated with cognitive performance in aging. Early literacy seems to improve executive control mechanisms, however, it is not clear whether early education would still be an advantage in countries like Peru, where access to and quality of education is highly variable. Aim: Our objective was to analyze the association of literacy level with executive control factors. Method: We evaluated 93 healthy older adults with a clinical protocol that included the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Geriatric Depression Scale and Global Dementia Staging. We also used a neuropsychological executive function battery which included the Trail-Making Test parts A and B, the Stroop Test, phonological and semantic verbal fluency tasks, Forward and Backward Digits, Numbers and Letters of the Wechsler Scale, and the Go/No-Go task. We used a principal component analysis for the dimensional reduction of the variables. To measure the level of literacy we used the word accentuation test (WAT). Results: We observed statistically significant correlations between the principal components (PCs) of working memory, cognitive flexibility and inhibitory control with the WAT scores. Furthermore, we observed that processing speed and WAT predict the scores on PCs factors better than years of education and age. Conclusions: Literacy level correlates more closely with better cognitive performance than years of education and thus, might improve executive control factors that could compensate and protect against brain changes in cognitive decline and dementia."

Browse

Browsing Artículos - Psicología by Title

Results Per Page

Sort Options