Ingeniería Electrónica y de Telecomunicaciones

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2-STCg optical multicast traffic grooming node for the fishbone-like Peruvian WDM core network
(IEEE Computer Society, 2011) Nereida, Llerena; Fernández Del Carpio, Gonzalo
In some developing countries, like Peru, optical transport networks are not widely deployed, mainly because of economical factors and geographical difficulties. Its topology has a fishbone-like structure, and it may not need powerful all-optical multicast nodes in order to attend multicast demands. Also, traffic demands may not occupy all the wavelength capacities, which make traffic grooming a necessary capability for saving bandwidth. In the present work we propose an optical node capable of performing multicast routing tasks at traffic grooming level. The node's architecture has been based on two previous works: the 2-Split-Tap-and-Continue (2-STC) node (a multicast capable node with a simple structure, constrained to binary-splitting, but efficient regarding the use of power levels and the number of elements used), and the Stop-and-Go (S/G) Light Tree node (a multicast grooming capable node that uses a labeling technique based on FSK modulation, allowing multicast requests to be routed at the optical level). In this sense, the proposed node improves the use of the optical power, waste of bandwidth and delay, taking advantage of the physical distribution presented in this particular fishbone-like network. Several simulations have been done and results show these assessments. © 2011 IEEE.
A nonlinear model to estimate nitrogen level in agricultural soil using Gaussian kernels
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2017) Sánchez Mora, Katty; Zuñiga Gutierrez, María; Mayhua López, Efraín Tito
Nitrogen fertilizers are commonly used to improve agricultural productivity. However, its excessive use may cause or lead to environmental problems. Therefore, technologies capable of monitoring and measure levels of nitrogen in agricultural soil in-situ and in real time are required in order to make efficient the use of fertilizers. Nitrogen levels are usually measured by direct and indirect methods. Direct methods can be conducted in-situ or in laboratory, but they are really expensive and/or little resistant to soil conditions. Otherwise, indirect methods can estimate nitrogen levels in-situ and in real time, based on the measure of other parameters, and at the expense of accuracy. This paper proposes an indirect method to estimate the nitrogen level in agricultural soil through the measurement of the levels of electrical conductivity, temperature and humidity. The proposed model uses a nonlinear estimator based on Gaussian kernels. The results after training the model with real data showed values very close to the actual measured values. © 2016 IEEE.
Acoustic Event Classification using spectral band selection and Non-Negative Matrix Factorization-based features
(Elsevier Ltd, 2016) Ludeña Choez, Jimmy; Gallardo Antolín, Ascensión; https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#2.02.01
Feature extraction methods for sound events have been traditionally based on parametric representations specifically developed for speech signals, such as the well-known Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficients (MFCC). However, the discrimination capabilities of these features for Acoustic Event Classification (AEC) tasks could be enhanced by taking into account the spectro-temporal structure of acoustic event signals. In this paper, a new front-end for AEC which incorporates this specific information is proposed. It consists of two different stages: short-time feature extraction and temporal feature integration. The first module aims at providing a better spectral representation of the different acoustic events on a frame-by-frame basis, by means of the automatic selection of the optimal set of frequency bands from which cepstral-like features are extracted. The second stage is designed for capturing the most relevant temporal information in the short-time features, through the application of Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) on their periodograms computed over long audio segments. The whole front-end has been evaluated in clean and noisy conditions. Experiments show that the removal of certain frequency bands (which are mainly located in the medium region of the spectrum for clean conditions and in low frequencies for noisy environments) in the short-time feature computation process in conjunction with the NMF technique for temporal feature integration improves significantly the performance of a Support Vector Machine (SVM) based AEC system with respect to the use of conventional MFCCs. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
An alternative method based on RF to classify porous ceramic materials
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2018) Choquehuanca Zevallos, Juan José; Huaman-Mamani, F.A.; Mayta Ponce, Denis Leonardo; Ludeña Choez, Jimmy Diestin
Several properties of ceramic materials such as mechanical strength, acoustical characteristics, etc. are related to their degree of porosity. Traditional methods to estimate the porosity of materials used in construction are two slow and tedious to perform, rising the need of searching new techniques to get the degree of porosity in a fast and robust way. In this paper, a system to estimate indirectly the degree of porosity by classifying ceramic samples according the changes produced in the radio frequency response is presented. The proposal uses a patch antenna to extract relevant features that help to estimate the class of a given ceramic sample. Results show that it is possible to classify samples based on the changes of the spectral response that varies according their level of porosity since they affect the propagated waves around the antenna when they are located on the surface of the patch, and so impinges upon directly on resonance frequency and bandwidth of the antenna. © 2018 IEEE.
Análisis de sensores electromagnéticos para la monitorización de concentraciones de metales pesados en agua
(Universidad Católica San Pablo, 2020) Urizar Ocharan, Richard Alberto; San Román Castillo, Ebert Gabriel
La regulación de los máximos niveles permisibles de concentraciones de los diferentes metales pesados en las cuencas hídricas, son en su mayoría, por las faltas y sanciones de las empresas mineras en nuestro país, un problema debido a su toxicidad, no solo para el ecosistema en el que vivimos; sino; para la salud del ser humano. Por las cuales generan tendencia a la creación o mejoras de diferentes sistemas de análisis que detectan la presencia de metales pesados. Actualmente se encuentran en el mercado diferentes propuestas en el análisis de las concentraciones de las partículas metálicas disueltas en agua como la voltamperometría, espectrofotometría de absorción atómica, la espectroscopia de absorción molecular UV, entre otros. Sin embargo, algunos de estos procedimientos resultan complejos para su uso, pueden ser costosos y en la mayoría de los casos no se pueden realizar en tiempo real. En el presente trabajo se muestra el estudio de diferentes tecnologías que contribuyan a la investigación recopilatoria de la contaminación de metales pesados en el agua.
Analysis of sound propagation for outdoor emergency speakers networks
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2017) Rosas Bermejo, Esther; Rafael Valdivia, Guillermo; Paucar Curasma, Ronald
In this work we show the results of analysis of propagation of sound waves applied for an alert system in the river Chili, in Arequipa city. We used mathematical models, ISO standards, geographical, demographical and environmental variables of Arequipa. A complete mathematical model has been implemented in Matlab. It was compared with results generated by several commercial software, showing good coherence. As result of this paper, we propose a new methodology for the design of a network of emergency speakers for alert systems, assuring coverage and reliability. © 2016 IEEE.
Analysis of sound propagation for outdoor emergency speakers networks
(2016 IEEE ANDESCON, 2017) Rosas Bermejo, Esther Natalia; Rafael Valdivia, Guillermo
Abstract:In this work we show the results of analysis of propagation of sound waves applied for an alert system in the river Chili, in Arequipa city. We used mathematical models, ISO standards, geographical, demographical and environmental variables of Arequipa. A complete mathematical model has been implemented in Matlab. It was compared with results generated by several commercial software, showing good coherence. As result of this paper, we propose a new methodology for the design of a network of emergency speakers for alert systems, assuring coverage and reliability.
Beamforming echo-localization system using multitone excitation signals
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2017) Pareja-Contreras, Josue; Sotomayor Polar, Manuel; Zenteno Bolaños, Efrain
Determining the position of a target is the central issue in several engineering problems, from computer vision to sonar or radar systems. Echo-localization systems use the reflected sound waves to extract information from a specific target taking advantages of the sound or ultrasound frequency range. In contrast to traditional echo-localization systems, which use single-tone excitation, this paper excite the enviorment using multitone signals. The utilization of multitone signals gives better time resolution in the ambiguity function for detection in a noisy environment. This paper shows an eigth receiver beamforming echo-localization system based on a 32 bit micro controller that is responsible for analog acquisition and multitone signal excitation. © 2017 IEEE.
Bird sound spectrogram decomposition through Non-Negative Matrix Factorization for the acoustic classification of bird species
(Public Library of Science, 2017) Ludeña Choez, Jimmy Diestin; Quispe Soncco, Raisa; Gallardo Antolín, Ascención
Feature extraction for Acoustic Bird Species Classification (ABSC) tasks has traditionally been based on parametric representations that were specifically developed for speech signals, such as Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC). However, the discrimination capabilities of these features for ABSC could be enhanced by accounting for the vocal production mechanisms of birds, and, in particular, the spectro-temporal structure of bird sounds. In this paper, a new front-end for ABSC is proposed that incorporates this specific information through the non-negative decomposition of bird sound spectrograms. It consists of the following two different stages: short-time feature extraction and temporal feature integration. In the first stage, which aims at providing a better spectral representation of bird sounds on a frame-by-frame basis, two methods are evaluated. In the first method, cepstral-like features (NMF_CC) are extracted by using a filter bank that is automatically learned by means of the application of Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) on bird audio spectrograms. In the second method, the features are directly derived from the activation coefficients of the spectrogram decomposition as performed through NMF (H_CC). The second stage summarizes the most relevant information contained in the short-time features by computing several statistical measures over long segments. The experiments show that the use of NMF_CC and H_CC in conjunction with temporal integration significantly improves the performance of a Support Vector Machine (SVM)-based ABSC system with respect to conventional MFCC. © 2017 Ludeña-Choez et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Compact triplexer with open ring resonators as microstrip trisection bandpass filters for asymmetric response
(Scopus, 2013) Castillo Araníbar, Patricia Raquel; Rodriguez Postigo, Paolo Alexander; Garcia Lamperez, Alejandro; Segovia Vargas, Daniel
Open loop ring resonators are used as the basic block of a compact planar triplexer, they are used in cascaded trisection (CT) filters, in order to reduce the circuit size. The CT filter has a cross coupling that produces a single attenuation pole at finite frequency used to shape the bandpass response. Ring resonators are properly located with respect to the input and output feed lines, in order to get good isolation response, and also to suppress channel interfering and to meet the design specifications for applications in mobile communication. The triplexer was fabricated and measured to verify the viability of the design with good agreements between the measurements and the simulations. © 2013 IEEE.
Design and implementation of a body coupled communication system for streaming music
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2017) Murillo Arenas, Giancarlo; Cartagena Gordillo, Alex
Thanks to the revolution in electronics and telecommunications, there is a proliferation of devices for medical applications and others operating in the body area. There is a novel way to connect two transceivers with the human body as a communication channel by body capacitive coupling. BCC (Body Coupled Communication) is a technology that uses the human body as an electric field propagation medium without using wires or RF technology. This work aims to design and implement a BCC audio transmission system by using the USRP1 hardware and GNU radio for the design, in this work we use measure the body channel frequency response by using a signal generator and an oscilloscope and we used a portable VNA to measure the impedance and verify the data. We were able to transmit at a bit rate of 128 Kbps. © 2016 IEEE.
Design and implementation of a body coupled communication system for streaming music
(IEEE, 2017) Murillo Arenas, Giancarlo Freddy; Cartagena Gordillo, Alex
Thanks to the revolution in electronics and telecommunications, there is a proliferation of devices for medical applications and others operating in the body area. There is a novel way to connect two transceivers with the human body as a communication channel by body capacitive coupling. BCC (Body Coupled Communication) is a technology that uses the human body as an electric field propagation medium without using wires or RF technology. This work aims to design and implement a BCC audio transmission system by using the USRP1 hardware and GNU radio for the design, in this work we use measure the body channel frequency response by using a signal generator and an oscilloscope and we used a portable VNA to measure the impedance and verify the data. We were able to transmit at a bit rate of 128 Kbps.
Design and implementation of a low cost particulate material transducer
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2018) Palo Tejada, Ernesto; Campos Falcon, Victoria; Huanca Cayo, Eber
This work presents the design, implementation, calibration and test of a transducer system for Particle Material - PM based on the sensor GP2Y1010. This sensor is the principal element of many commercial PM transducers, but its sensitivity for environmental perturbations (such as humidity, temperature, etc.) implies the using of complex instrumentation circuits which increases the final price of this product. In this work is proposed a low cost PM transducer, the main characteristics of its instrumentation circuit are detailed. The characteristics of the proposed transducer such as resolution, precision, range of measurement, temperature operation are near among of the characteristics of commercial transducers. The purpose of this transducer is the monitoring of particle material due to mining activity around the Arequipa city, since the particle material concentration out of permissible range is a potential risk for the public health, in this sense the measurement with a reliable and low cost device is a challenging task. © 2018 IEEE.
Design and Implementation of a Submersible Split Ring Resonator Based Sensor for Pisco Concentration Measurements
(IEEE, 2019) Nuñez Flores, Alana De Los Angeles; Castillo Araníbar, Patricia Raquel
The design of an Split Ring Resonator (SRR) based sensor is proposed for pisco concentration measurements through the characterization of the permittivity in liquids solutions containing pisco. The design is composed of two SRRs coupled to a loop structure. The principle of detection is based on the submersion of the sensor in pisco solutions with different concentrations. It generates a shift of resonance frequencies which is shown in the return loss response. This change is related to the permittivity of the measured solution. The SRR based sensor is a low cost, high sensitivity and reusable design.
Design factors in multicast service delivery using the optical layer in core and metro networks
(IEEE Computer Society, 2017) Larrabeiti, David; Fernández Del Carpio, Gonzalo; Otero, Gabriel; Ruiz Piñar, Francisco Javier
As optical switching and multiplexing architectures evolve, optical multicast keeps on being a capability advertised by a few core and transport optical equipment vendors. However, to the date, not much use of this service has been made by operators. This work addresses the reasons behind this fact, identifies the key technical design factors in a multicast-capable network and the challenges to face for an effective use of multicast at the optical layer. © 2017 IEEE.
Design of a compact diplexer for multisystem das solutions
(IEEE Computer Society, 2011) Castillo Araníbar, Patricia Raquel; Garcia Lamperez, Alejandro; Segovia Vargas, Daniel; Salazar Palma, Magdalena
This paper presents a microstrip diplexer for multisystem Distributed Antenna System (DAS) solutions, namely for DCS and UMTS systems. A low-pass quasi-elliptic filter with a stub-like structure is used for the 1800 MHz band while a band-pass Chebychev filter with a hairpin line structure is employed for the 2150 MHz band. Both filters are connected to the common port through a T junction. The diplexer layout has been optimized in order to ensure compactness. Good agreement between simulated and measured results has been obtained. The diplexer shows excellent performance in terms of high isolation and low insertion loss. A semi-lumped element model of the diplexer is also presented. © 2011 IEEE.
Designing a complementary system of authentication base on galvanic body communication
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2017) Correa Zúñiga, Eduardo; Cartagena Gordillo, Alex
This article deals with the design, development and operation of security applications oriented in bodycommunication, along with analysis, evaluation and design of a complementary system of user authentication through fingerprint galvanic coupling and an authentication code. Different tests of galvanic model were performed to observe the frequency range, bandwidth, and also the conductivity of the human body. This way you can get a model safer and easier for users authentication. Besides it was designed and implemented a method to limit the transmission power and the signal is only transmitted in one part of the body, and prevent the information can be spread to other areas of the body. This galvanic method excludes the emission of electromagnetic fields which reduces the possibility of information theft. © 2016 IEEE.
Digital Predistortion for Joint Mitigation of I/Q Imbalance and MIMO Power Amplifier Distortion
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2017) Ahmed Khan, Zain; Zenteno Bolaños, Efrain; Händel, Peter; Isaksson, Magnus
This paper analyzes the joint effects of in-phase and quadrature (I/Q) imbalance and power amplifier (PA) distortion for RF multiple input multiple output (MIMO) transmitters in the presence of crosstalk. This paper proposes candidate models for the digital predistortion of static I/Q imbalanced sources exciting a dynamic MIMO Volterra system. The proposed models are enhanced using a novel technique based on subsample resolution to account for dynamic I/Q imbalance distortions. Finally, the computational complexity of the proposed models is analyzed for implementation suitability in digital platforms. It is shown that the error spectrum for the proposed models in subsample resolution reaches the noise floor of the measurements. The proposed models achieve a normalized mean squared error of-50 dB and an adjacent channel power ratio of-57 dB for signal bandwidths upto 65 MHz and crosstalk levels ranging to-10 dB. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques in the joint mitigation of I/Q imbalance and PA distortion with crosstalk for a typical 2 × 2 MIMO telecommunication setup. © 2016 IEEE.
Estudio de la nariz electrónica en la industria alimentaria
(Universidad Católica San Pablo, 2020) Cayllahue Quille, Rosmel; Zenteno Bolaños, Efrain Jose
La industria alimentaria, siempre se ha caracterizado en otorgar sus productos frescos, sanos y saludables; sería devastador que una de ellas no cumpla el criterio. Frente a este criterio han surgido numerosas investigaciones, una de ellas es la nariz electrónica, el cual, emula el sentido del olfato. Este estudio pretende abordar el estudio y análisis de diversas narices electrónicas. Revisando sensores de gas (sensores que reaccionan a componentes orgánicos volátiles), sus tecnologías, ventajas y desventajas de tal forma que evidencien los compromisos de ingeniería que deben ser considerados para desarrollar narices electrónicas en especial consideración en la industria alimentaria. Se ha procedido con una revisión de la literatura disponible en reconocidas bases de datos académicas para encontrar las diversas tecnologías de sensado de gases que pueden ser utilizadas en narices electrónicas. Posteriormente, de acuerdo a sus características éstas fueron comparadas. Se puede ver que tecnologías de estado sólido para el sensado tienen ventajas claras que las hacen candidatas para el desarrollo integrado de narices electrónicas en el futuro.
Extraction of the Third-Order 3 ×3 MIMO Volterra Kernel Outputs Using Multitone Signals
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2018) Zain Ahmed, Khan; Zenteno Bolaños, Efrain; Händel, Peter; Isaksson, Magnus
This paper uses multitone signals to simplify the analysis of 3 × 3 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) Volterra systems by isolating the third-order kernel outputs from each other. Multitone signals fed to an MIMO Volterra system yield a spectrum that is a permutation of the sums of the input signal tones. This a priori knowledge is used to design multitone signals such that the third-order kernel outputs are isolated in the frequency domain. The signals are designed by deriving the conditions for the offset and spacing of the input frequency grids. The proposed technique is then validated for the six possible configurations of a 3 × 3 RF MIMO transmitter impaired by crosstalk effects. The proposed multitone signal design is used to extract the third-order kernel outputs, and their relative contributions are analyzed to determine the dominant crosstalk effects for each configuration. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

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