Ingeniería Electrónica y de Telecomunicaciones
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Item 2015 7th IEEE Latin-American Conference on Communications, LATINCOM 2015: Foreword(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2016) Fernández Del Carpio, Gonzalo2015 7th IEEE Latin-American Conference on Communications, LATINCOM 2015: PrólogoItem A combined CNN architecture for speech emotion recognition(Universidad Católica San Pablo, 2024) Begazo Huamani, Rolinson Jhiampier; Dongo Escalante, Irvin Franco BenitoEmotion recognition through speech is a technique employed in various scenarios of Human–Computer Interaction (HCI). Existing approaches have achieved significant results; however, limitations persist, with the quantity and diversity of data being more notable when deep learning techniques are used. The lack of a standard in feature selection leads to continuous development and experimentation. Choosing and designing the appropriate network architecture constitutes another challenge. This study addresses the challenge of recognizing emotions in the human voice using deep learning techniques, proposing a comprehensive approach, and developing preprocessing and feature selection stages while constructing a dataset called EmoDSc as a result of combining several available databases. The synergy between spectral features and spectrogram images is investigated. Independently, the weighted accuracy obtained using only spectral features was 89%, while using only spectrogram images, the weighted accuracy reached 90%. These results, although surpassing previous research, highlight the strengths and limitations when operating in isolation. Based on this exploration, a neural network architecture composed of a CNN1D, a CNN2D, and an MLP that fuses spectral features and spectogram images is proposed. The model, supported by the unified dataset EmoDSc, demonstrates a remarkable accuracy of 96%.Item A Low-Cost IoT Platform for Heat Stress Monitoring in Dairy Cattle(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021) Choquehuanca-Zevallos, J.J.; Mayhua-Lopez, E.This paper presents a compact and modular system based on Internet-of- Things for monitoring cattle behavior and stress in real-time. It will help to model certain parameters such as temperature and certain weather variables such as relative humidity, solar radiation, among others thanks to Internet-of- Things (IoT) sensors localized in different points of barns and the fields for cattle farming. A main benefit of the system is that it is built with low-cost hardware and low battery consumption. The wireless system also allows the collection of data in real-time and obtains the temperature-humidity index. This index will give an approach to the heat stress in cattle not only on the farm but in the vicinity of the farm. Finally, the high amount of collected data will allow employing Big Data solutions for estimating the impact on milk productivity. In the future, more sensors will be deployed for a more detailed reading of weather variables and their impact on dairy cattle. © 2021 IEEE.Item A method based on rf spectral featuresfor evaluating the porosity degree in ceramic materials(IEEE, 2018) Sanchez Suarez, Rudy Marcelino; Choquehuanca Zevallos, Juan JoséIn this paper, a classification system of the degree of porosity of ceramic materials based on a Radio Frequency system is presented. The system uses methods from the machine learning field to learn patterns from spectral features measured with a circular patch antenna. Experimental results show that it is possible to indirectly get an estimate of the degree of porosity of ceramic samples getting low classification error rates.Item A Methodological Approach to the Learning of Robotics with EDUROSC-Kids(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2021) Patiño-Escarcina, Raquel E.; Barrios-Aranibar, Dennis; Bernedo-Flores, Liz S;; Alsina, Pablo Javier; Gonçalves, Luiz M.G.With advances in science and technology, several innovative researches have been developed trying to figure out the main problems related to children’s learning. It is known that issues such as frustration and inattention, between others, affect student learning. In this fashion, robotics is an important resource that can be used towards helping to solve these issues, empowering our students in order to push their learning up. In this case, robotic tools are generally used considering two different paradigms: as the main focus and as a secondary focus. Actually, these paradigms define the way that Educational Robotics is implemented in schools. Most of the approaches have implemented it as the main focus, which is teaching Robotics. Nevertheless, there are quite a few works that implement robotics as a secondary focus, which is currently assisting the learning process in several disciplines. The main contribution of this work is a complete three steps methodology for Robotics in Education to guide projects in order to either use it alone or to teach robotics with others topics. Our experiments show the importance of devising a study plan and evaluation method because the process is iterative and could improve the final results. As a novelty, here we have joined and extended our previous works by proposing a new set of methods with guidelines and strategies for applying the educational robotics standard curriculum for kids, named EDUROSC-Kids. We propose several tools that have been developed to organize the learning topics of Robotics for children, including the desired outcomes during the learning process. As said our current approach is divided in three steps (or phases): setting up the environment, defining the project, and performing evaluation. The proposed curriculum organizes robotics contents into five disciplines: Robotics and Society, Mechanics, Electronics, Programming, and Control Theory. Also, it considers a set of topics for each discipline and defines the level of knowledge that is recommended to achieve each group of children based on Bloom’s Nomenclature. The contribution on this paper is a crucial step towards linking the general learning process with Educational Robotics approaches. Our methodology is validated by presenting practical experiences with application of EDUROSC-kids and the proposed method with a rubric guidelines into groups of children.Item A qualitative and quantitative comparison between Web scraping and API methods for Twitter credibility analysis(Emerald Group Holdings Ltd., 2021) Dongo, Irvin; Cardinale, Yudith; Aguilera, Ana; Martinez, Fabiola; Quintero, Yuni; Robayo, German; Cabeza, David"purpose: This paper aims to perform an exhaustive revision of relevant and recent related studies, which reveals that both extraction methods are currently used to analyze credibility on Twitter. Thus, there is clear evidence of the need of having different options to extract different data for this purpose. Nevertheless, none of these studies perform a comparative evaluation of both extraction techniques. Moreover, the authors extend a previous comparison, which uses a recent developed framework that offers both alternates of data extraction and implements a previously proposed credibility model, by adding a qualitative evaluation and a Twitter-Application Programming Interface (API) performance analysis from different locations. Design/methodology/approach: As one of the most popular social platforms, Twitter has been the focus of recent research aimed at analyzing the credibility of the shared information. To do so, several proposals use either Twitter API or Web scraping to extract the data to perform the analysis. Qualitative and quantitative evaluations are performed to discover the advantages and disadvantages of both extraction methods. Findings: The study demonstrates the differences in terms of accuracy and efficiency of both extraction methods and gives relevance to much more problems related to this area to pursue true transparency and legitimacy of information on the Web. Originality/value: Results report that some Twitter attributes cannot be retrieved by Web scraping. Both methods produce identical credibility values when a robust normalization process is applied to the text (i.e. tweet). Moreover, concerning the time performance, Web scraping is faster than Twitter API and it is more flexible in terms of obtaining data; however, Web scraping is very sensitive to website changes. Additionally, the response time of the Twitter API is proportional to the distance from the central server at San Francisco."Item A study on residents willingness to pay for personal carbon trading and relevant factors(CUPUM, 2013) Zhou, Kui; Jia, San; Kondo, Akio; Konbdo, Akiko; Cartagena Gordillo, AlexUn estudio sobre la disposición de los residentes a pagar por el comercio de carbono personal y los factores relevantesItem An approach of social navigation based on proxemics for crowded environments of humans and robots(MDPI, 2021) Daza Guardamino, Marcos Julio; Barrios Aranibar, DennisNowadays, mobile robots are playing an important role in different areas of science, industry, academia and even in everyday life. In this sense, their abilities and behaviours become increasingly complex. In particular, in indoor environments, such as hospitals, schools, banks and museums, where the robot coincides with people and other robots, its movement and navigation must be programmed and adapted to robot–robot and human–robot interactions. However, existing approaches are focused either on multi-robot navigation (robot–robot interaction) or social navigation with human presence (human–robot interaction), neglecting the integration of both approaches. Proxemic interaction is recently being used in this domain of research, to improve Human–Robot Interaction (HRI). In this context, we propose an autonomous navigation approach for mobile robots in indoor environments, based on the principles of proxemic theory, integrated with classical navigation algorithms, such as ORCA, Social Momentum, and A*. With this novel approach, the mobile robot adapts its behaviour, by analysing the proximity of people to each other, with respect to it, and with respect to other robots to decide and plan its respective navigation, while showing acceptable social behaviours in presence of humans. We describe our proposed approach and show how proxemics and the classical navigation algorithms are combined to provide an effective navigation, while respecting social human distances. To show the suitability of our approach, we simulate several situations of coexistence of robots and humans, demonstrating an effective social navigation.Item An approach of social navigation based on proxemics for crowded environments of humans and robots(MDPI AG, 2021) Daza, Marcos; Barrios-Aranibar, Dennis; Diaz-Amado, José; Cardinale, Yudith; Vilasboas, João"Nowadays, mobile robots are playing an important role in different areas of science, industry, academia and even in everyday life. In this sense, their abilities and behaviours become increasingly complex. In particular, in indoor environments, such as hospitals, schools, banks and museums, where the robot coincides with people and other robots, its movement and navigation must be programmed and adapted to robot-robot and human-robot interactions. However, existing approaches are focused either on multi-robot navigation (robot-robot interaction) or social navigation with human presence (human-robot interaction), neglecting the integration of both approaches. Proxemic interaction is recently being used in this domain of research, to improve Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). In this context, we propose an autonomous navigation approach for mobile robots in indoor environments, based on the principles of proxemic theory, integrated with classical navigation algorithms, such as ORCA, Social Momentum, and A*. With this novel approach, the mobile robot adapts its behaviour, by analysing the proximity of people to each other, with respect to it, and with respect to other robots to decide and plan its respective navigation, while showing acceptable social behaviours in presence of humans. We describe our proposed approach and show how proxemics and the classical navigation algorithms are combined to provide an effective navigation, while respecting social human distances. To show the suitability of our approach, we simulate several situations of coexistence of robots and humans, demonstrating an effective social navigation."Item An approach to improve simultaneous localization and mapping in human populated environments(IEEE, 2021) Inofuente Colque, Kevin Adier; Barrios Aranibar, DennisOne task that autonomous mobile robots have to perform in indoor spaces is to construct the map of their environment and report their location and orientation. This process is called Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM). To do so, robots extract data through their sensors. However, in dynamic indoor environments, moving objects induce the SLAM process to collapse or diverge. Moving objects should not be taken into account to generate the map and the occlusions that they generate should be solved. In this work, we propose a robust and flexible approach for SLAM algorithms to perform better in human populated environments; by integrating a filtering scheme that manages moving and static objects. To illustrate the suitability of our approach, we implement Gmapping, as the classical SLAM algorithm, and RANSAC as the filter. Nevertheless, any other SLAM algorithm and filter can be implemented. The simulation tests have been carried out using three museum environments, which the robot can face in real life. Through the results obtained, it is possible to conclude that the proposed approach is efficient in managing the sensor data, filtering the outliers, and thus removing dynamic objects from the map.Item An autonomous robot based on a Wheelchair(Scopus, 2012) Gonzales, Raul; Gaona, Federico; Peralta, RaulThis paper presents the design and implementation of an Autonomous Movement Robot based on a Wheelchair. The target coordinates of the destination place are pre-established in the processing unit of the robot and it uses a GPS system and sensors in order to get its final destination and to avoid obstacles in its path respectively. The contribution of this work is the combination of several technologies and techniques that came from different areas such as mechanical, electronic and computer engineering. © 2012 IEEE.Item Application of a methodological approach to compare ontologies(Emerald Group Holdings Ltd., 2021) Cardinale, Yudith; Cornejo-Lupa, Maria Alejandra; Pinto-De la Gala, Alexander; Ticona-Herrera, Regina"Purpose: This study aims to the OQuaRE quality model to the developed methodology. Design/methodology/approach: Ontologies are formal, well-defined and flexible representations of knowledge related to a specific domain. They provide the base to develop efficient and interoperable solutions. Hence, a proliferation of ontologies in many domains is unleashed. Then, it is necessary to define how to compare such ontologies to decide which one is the most suitable for the specific needs of users/developers. As the emerging development of ontologies, several studies have proposed criteria to evaluate them. Findings: In a previous study, the authors propose a methodological process to qualitatively and quantitatively compare ontologies at Lexical, Structural and Domain Knowledge levels, considering correctness and quality perspectives. As the evaluation methods of the proposal are based on a golden-standard, it can be customized to compare ontologies in any domain. Practical implications: To show the suitability of the proposal, the authors apply the methodological approach to conduct comparative studies of ontologies in two different domains, one in the robotic area, in particular for the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problem; and the other one, in the cultural heritage domain. With these cases of study, the authors demonstrate that with this methodological comparative process, we are able to identify the strengths and weaknesses of ontologies, as well as the gaps still needed to fill in the target domains. Originality/value: Using these metrics and the quality model from OQuaRE, the authors are incorporating a standard of software engineering at the quality validation into the Semantic Web. "Item Application of social constraints for dynamic navigation considering semantic annotations on geo-referenced maps(IEEE Computer Society, 2021) Vilasboas, J.P.A.; Sampaio, M.S.C.A; Moreira, G.F.A.; Souza, A.B.A; DIaz-Amado, J.A.; Barrios-Aranibar, D.B.; Cardinale, Y.B.; Soares, J.E.A."With the robotics development, social robots interact with people, demanding they model the human being behavior to increase social navigation, considering proxemic spaces.However, human proxemic preferences can change in function of different social restrictions (e.g., culture, gender, local, the environment). Thus, robots should consider all these aspects to tailor their navigation. Towards an adaptable social navigation, in this article we develop the GProxemic Navigation system that allows identifying the robot localization in a geo-referenced map, with semantic annotations related to social restrictions, in function of which they chose the correct proxemic spaces they most respect in their autonomous navigation process. Results show that the GProxemic Navigation system efficiently obeys the proxemic space through the semantic annotations received. ©2021 IEEE"Item Compact Dual and Wide Band Monopole-like Antenna Based on SRR for WLAN Applications(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021) Santos-Valdivia, N.; Castillo-Aranibar, P.; Lamperez, A.G.; Segovia-Vargas, D.In this paper, a dual band antenna based on Split Ring Resonators (SRR) with unequal rings fed through a coplanar waveguide transmission line is proposed. The design method ensures the control of the resonance frequencies and their respective bandwidths. The geometry of the dual band antenna is composed of two SRRs electromagnetically coupled which have monopole radiation characteristics. The results demonstrate that the proposed antenna has two relative bandwidths with gain over 2 dB and an omnidirectional radiation pattern over the first frequency band.Item Context-aware and ontology-based recommender system for e-tourism(SciTePress, 2021) Castellanos, G.; Cardinale, Y.; Roose, P.Frequently, travelers try to collect information for planing a trip or when being at the destination. Usually, tourists depend on places’ reviews to make the choice, but this implies prior knowledge of the touristic places and explicit search for suggestions through interaction with applications (i.e., PULL paradigm). In contrast, a PUSH approach, in which the application proactively triggers a recommendation process according to users’ preferences and when necessary, seems to be a more reasonable solution. Recommender systems have become appropriate applications to help tourists in their trip planning. However, they still have limitations, such as poor consideration of users’ profiles and their contexts, their predictable suggestions, and the lack of a standard representation of the knowledge managed. We propose a user-centric recommender system architecture, that supports both PULL and PUSH approaches, assisted by an ontology-based spreading activation algorithm for context-aware recommendations, with a focus on decreasing predictable outputs and increasing serendipity, based on an aging-like approach. To demonstrate its suitability and performance, we develop a first prototype of the architecture and simulate different scenarios, varying users’ profiles, preferences, and context parameters. Results show that the ontology-based spreading activation and the proposed aging system provide relevant and varied recommendations according to users’ preferences, while considering their context and improving the serendipity of the system when comparing with a state-of-the-art workItem Dance Syntax and Possibility: Moving Beyond Structural Analysis(Akjournals, 2023) Miranda Medina, Juan Felipe; Galarza Flores, Marisol Cristel; López Yánez, María GabrielaIn this work we contend that studying dance syntax systematically is essential to gain a deeper understanding of dance practices. The reason is that syntax has to do with an essential aspect of dance, music and action in general, namely possibility. To the best of our knowledge, the efforts towards a systematic method to study dance syntax are scarce. Therefore, this work proposes the method of Finite-State Automata, borrowed from computer science, and presents three case studies of progressive complexity were the method is applied: (1) learning the basics of salsa, (2) diachronically comparing hip-pushing action in Afro-Ecuadorian Bomba del Chota, and (3) characterizing improvisation in Afro-Peruvian zapateo. While the first case is didactic and introduces the method progressively, the second and third cases are based on several years of fieldwork conducted by the authors with the Afro-Ecuadorian and Afro-Peruvian communities. The precondition for the application of the method we propose is structural analysis itself; that is, that the dance can be analyzed into small movement units that are combined progressively into more complex units. In regards to syntax, however, structural analysis is only the first step. The goal is a synthesis that brings forward the possibilities that arise from structural analysis; that is, the possibilities that are available to dancers and agents in a dance event. We trust that the approach to syntax this work presents will stimulate a renewed interest for researchers in dance, music and movement in general.Item Depth-wise multi-protocol stateless switching of multicast traffic(Scopus, 2012) Fernández Del Carpio, Gonzalo; Larrabeiti, DavidIn order to reduce the state due to multicast forwarding in packet switched networks a number of proposals have been studied in the literature. One recently studied approach is MPSS (Multi-Protocol Stateless Switching), in which the path (unicast) or the tree (multicast) is encoded as a Bloom filter carried by a packet header. This sort of source-routed forwarding method makes it possible to eliminate the forwarding state in network nodes. Our proposal looks into improving MPSS and at the same time solving the forwarding anomalies observed in multicast Bloom filter-based approaches. We propose to encode the multicast tree into a stack of variable-length Bloom filters representing the set of output interfaces at a given tree depth, instead of a single filter for the whole tree. We prove that our approach is more efficient than MPSS on multicast, especially in large networks, and that it reduces and binds the scope of forwarding anomalies derived from false positives: packet storms, forwarding loops and flow duplication. Furthermore, packet processing is simpler and the average header overhead is reduced. © 2012 IEEE.Item Design and prototyping of a 4-axis CNC machine for the manufacturing of small accessories(Universidad Católica San Pablo, 2024) Sahuanay Taipe, Carlos Andres Junior; Huanca Cayo, EberThe goal of this paper is the construction and operation of a 4-axis CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machine, where its mechanical structure and the electronic controller responsible for facilitating movement in the fourth axis will be explained. The Marlin firmware is used to monitor the operation of the XYZ axis motors. The fourth axis has a control system by an independent microcontroller. The selection of machine actuators is rigorously validated through mathematical calculations and an analysis of the physical forces influencing the fourth axis of the CNC machine. The price of this CNC machine will be approximately the same as a 3D printer, and consequently, the size of this machine will reduce compared to a common industrial 4-axis CNC machine.Item Design and simulation of triplexer for mobile communications using trisection resonators filters(Scopus, 2013) Rodriguez Postigo, Paolo Alexander; Castillo Araníbar, Patricia RaquelThis paper presents a microstrip triplexer with multiband performances by using cascaded trisection (CT) filters. Each CT section is composed by three directly coupled resonators with a cross coupling. The cross coupling produces a single attenuation pole at the finite frequency. Furthermore, each trisection filter controls a specific channel frequency independently. To obtain good isolation response, the resonators are properly located with respect to the input and output feeding lines to suppress the channel interfering and meet the design specifications for mobile communications. © 2013 IEEE.Item Design of an array based on an antipodal balanced Vivaldi antenna(Scopus, 2012) Talavera Ormeno, Chris Kathleen; Molina Alvarez, Martha Maria; Choquehuanca Zevallos, Juan José; Javashvili, OtarDue to the many breakthroughs in the field of based pulse radars and ultra wide bandwidth (UWB) systems, researches of every component of those systems have been performed in recent years. As well as, in order to match the great bandwidth that pulse-based radar needs to optimally work, UWB antennas were developed for this purpose. In this paper an array based on an antipodal balanced Vivaldi antenna is studied by simulating firstly a unique Vivaldi antenna element and analyzing its return loss, gain, etc. Then a five element antenna array was built in the HFSS simulator. The gain, as it was expected, has been increased to be closed to 16 dBi and maintaining the good S11 performance of one single Vivaldi antenna. © 2012 IEEE.